RO Filtration: General Questions


RO Filtration

Raw water, which will be subjected to filtration with reverse osmosis systems must meet the following conditions:

Water pH

2 pH to 11 pH

Maximum Total Hardness

400 ppm (mg/1)

Maximum Alkalinity

8 (mval/1)

Iron & Manganese content

<0.05 ppm (mg/1)

Maximum SDI Inex

SDI 5

Maximum Salinity TDS

2000 ppm (mg/1)

The most important steps to ensure proper and long‐term operation of Reverse Osmosis system is its regular maintenance (ie replacement of cartridges and RO membrane).

We also suggest completely emptying system's water tank at least twice per two weeks. This will ensure the good performance of RO membrane and significantly extend its life. Clean water can be used not only for drinking but also for washing face, bathing babies and children, watering flowers, etc.

The correct sequence for installing filter cartridges is the following:

1. sediment cartridges ‐ remove rust, sand and salt. First the cartridge with high micron rating should be installed, such as: FCPS20, and next cartridge FCPS5

2. specialty cartridges ‐ softening, iron and heavy metals removing

3. carbon based cartridges ‐ remove chlorine, some pesticides and organic pollutants

4. anti‐bacterial cartridges ‐ remove bacteria and viruses.

Filter cartridges must be replaced when a sudden drop in water pressure occurs or their contamination is visible through filter housing (only in case of filters with a transparent body.)

In general filter cartridges should be replaced approximately every 3 ‐ 6 months * (unless the technical information given on the label or sticker indicate differently).

* Depending on water quality and the degree of contamination.

You should flush the water filtration system under two following conditions:

1) The systems have not been used for few days: weekend trip or holiday.

2) After several days without water in plumbing system.

YES, all cartridges and all filtration components (such as: cartridges, RO and capillary membranes) must be water flushed according to the information provided on the packaging or inside User's Manual for a given product.

Sediment cartridges

after installing cartridges entire system needs to be water flushed for not less than 5 minutes. DO NOT DRINK THIS WATER.

Carbon cartridges

before installation, soak carbon cartridge(s) in cold water for 8 hours. After installation, the filter or filter system need to water flushed. For this purpose, open filter faucet for about 5 minutes and let water flow in a kitchen sink DO NOT DRINK THIS WATER.

Specialty cartridges
odor

before installation, soak specialty cartridge(s) in cold water for 8 hours. After installation, the filter or filter system need to water flushed. For this purpose, open filter faucet for about 5 minutes and let water flow in a kitchen sink. DO NOT DRINK THIS WATER.

Capillary membranes
odor

after installing membrane needs to be water flushed for not less than 5 minutes. DO NOT DRINK THIS WATER.

In‐line cartridges
odor

after installing cartridges entire system needs to be water flushed for not less than 15 minutes. DO NOT DRINK THIS WATER.

RO membranes WITH tank
odor

after installing the membrane system water flushed. Fill the entire tank with water, then open filter faucet and pour out all the water from the system. The operation needs to be performed twice.

RO membranes WITHOUT tank
odor

after the installation entire system needs to be water flushed for not less than 5 minutes. DO NOT DRINK THIS WATER.

Reverse osmosis, also known as hyperfiltration, is the finest means of filtration available today. It is the most common treatment technology used by premium bottled water companies. Reverse osmosis refers to the process of forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane under pressure.

Reverse osmosis uses a semi-permeable membrane, allowing pure water to pass through it, while rejecting the contaminants that are too large to pass through the tiny pores in the membrane.

RO is the most convenient and effective method of water filtration. It filters water by squeezing water through a semi‐permeable membrane, which is rated at 0.0001 micron (equals to 0.00000004 inch!). This is the technology used to make bottled water, it is also the only technology capable of desalinating sea water, making it into drinking water.

Non‐RO water filters typically use a single activated carbon cartridge to treat water. They are much less effective, and the pore size on these filter media are much bigger, generally 0.5 ‐ 10 micron. They can filter out coarse particles, sediments and elements only up to their micron rating. Anything finer and most dissolved substances cannot be filtered out. As a result, water is far less clean and safe compared to reverse osmosis filtration.

Yes, RO is generally an excellent choice for homeowners with well water. However, it is important to note that reverse osmosis does not provide foolproof protection against all microorganisms. You should have your water tested for bacteria and virus contamination before relying solely on reverse osmosis. If microbiological contamination is present or suspected, you should combine reverse osmosis with an ultraviolet system for maximum effectiveness and protection against bacteria and viruses. A water softener or whole-house iron filter may also be advisable (depending on the level of relevant contaminants in your well water) to prevent membrane fouling, thereby ensuring maximum membrane life and effectiveness.

SThe reverse osmosis system removes up to ninety-eight percent of all minerals from the water. We at Budget Water, believe that you should get pure, clean drinking water and then add whatever you want to it. Your diet should provide the minerals your body needs, not your water, but for those that are concerned about lacking the good minerals, we offer a mineral pH cartridge that puts the good minerals back in as well as raising the pH.

Reverse osmosis filtration may or may not reduce the pH level of water at a noticeable amount. The pH difference after the RO depends on the quality of your input water source as well as the amount of gases such as CO2 in your local water supply.

People that wish to increase the pH of their RO water can also easily add an optional calcite filter to increase the alkalinity of their drinking water.

Reverse osmosis (RO), uses the same technology as other major water bottling plants to filter water. Using our RO systems is more beneficially as it provides a refreshing taste with a touch of minerals. Using our RO systems to purify water daily in your home will provide your family with naturally fresh and healthy water compared to stagnant water that has been sitting in plastic bottles for many months.

The RO system allows you to manage the unit's performance and delivers the most stable and complete RO process for home. This eco‐friendly solution also protects the environment from plastic waste as RO users will have no need to purchase bottled water.

This sometimes happens when you first install your new filter cartridge. The cloudiness is harmless, compressed air. To remove it, the cartridge needs to be flushed for 5-9 minutes. If your water pressure is low then it may need to be flushed for longer.

Nothing’s wrong with the filter. It’s just that the filter cartridge hasn’t been flushed for long enough and there’s some leftover carbon powder from the manufacturing process. It’s harmless and easy to fix. Just open the tap for 5-9 minutes. This will fully activate the system and clear it.

Brine tank usually does not require cleaning unless it contains large amounts of salt (insoluble in water) or due to the system breakdown. However, if the resin deposited insoluble substances, the tank must be cleaned periodically to prevent the failure of the device.

Pressure regulator should be installed at a time when water pressure in your plumbing water system is significantly larger than the one at which water filtration system can be operated safely. For example, if User's Manual indicates that the filtration system that you about to install operates at maximum pressure of 3.5 bars (50.75 psi) and you plumbing systems operates at 4 bars (58 psi), then you must install a pressure regulator.

Booster pressure pump should be installed between the first and second filter stage (filter housing) of the system. Do NOT install the pump before the filter housing due to the contamination of raw (inlet) water. That could damage the pump. Do NOT install the pump before RO membrane. The pump boosts water pressure in a way of pressure spikes which can damage the membrane. When the pump is installed between the first and second filter, the filter installed right the pump reduces and equalizes water pressure before entering into RO membrane. Do NOT install the pump when unsuitable parameters inlet of water (high concentration of calcium, magnesium and iron) are not corrected. Basic parameters must be met by inlet water for RO systems - refer to "Required water parameters for RO systems" section. Ions of calcium, magnesium and iron negatively influence operation of RO filtration system and may lead to its damage.

System tank should be installed no more than 3 or 4 meters (10 to 13 feet) from the system. Pressure of filtered water drops by 0.1 bar with each meter (3 feet). With all the underground pressure water drawn from the tap will be reduced by about 0,1 bar in relation to the pressure in the tank. The container can be mounted up to a maximum of 8 m from the system, be careful that the hose connecting the tank system is not affected by the collapse, friction or breakage.

Such cases are very rare but can happen. It might be caused when the system is moved or by sudden changes in water pressure. Solution: immediately shut off water supply by closing kitchen or main water supply valve and notify your product distributor or a plumber who installed your system.

Yes, if during system assembly appropriate hygienic conditions are not maintained bacteria can develop inside RO system.

Therefore, it is recommended to disinfect RO system once a year. To carry out the disinfection process properly use the product PDEZYN2.

"System sweating" occurs with a large difference in temperature between water supply and premises in which the RO system is installed.

We suggest securing the base on which the system is set up. Not securing the base can lead to moisture accumulation and penetration (into the structure) and consequently to its damage (decay).

The most important steps to ensure proper and long-term operation of Reverse Osmosis system is its regular maintenance (ie replacement of cartridges and RO membrane).We also suggest completely emptying system's water tank at least twice per two weeks. This will ensure the good performance of RO membrane and significantly extend its life. Clean water can be used not only for drinking but also for washing face, bathing babies and children, watering flowers, etc.

 

For systems with tank ‐ check if water supply valve or tank valve is open or whether the tank is not empty.

 

For systems without tank‐ check (by unscrewing the spout) whether water pressure in your pipes is sufficient. If it is, the reason for the slow filtration of water might be clogged pre‐filters or worn diaphragm

 

Other causes:‐ lack of pressure at the bottom of the tank, used cartridges or osmotic membrane.

 

Make sure that water supply pressure in your pipes is sufficient. Pressure drop has directly proportional effect on the performance of the membrane. The lower the water pressure, the lower the production of purified water.

 

If low water pressure in the system remains constant you must install an additional booster pressure pump, such as: AFXPOMP or AFXPOMP‐4.

 

Other causes: old filter cartridges and/or clogged RO membrane as well as too low temperature of tap water.

 

This can be caused by faulty 4‐way valve and as a result the valve does not shut off the water to the RO membrane.

 

Also, check if there is sufficient water pressure in your pipes and system (minimum of 2.8 bar or 40.6 PSI). If the pressure is lower, install booster pressure pump AFXPOMP or AFXPOMP‐4.

 

It is also possible that your system's 4‐way valve may be damaged by dirt or sediment particles that got into the system during installation. In such cases, 4‐way valve needs to be disassembled and cleaned up. If the problem persists, replace the valve with a new one.

 

Another reason could be damaged seal of one of membranes forming the 4‐way valve.

 

And finally, 4‐way valve can be clogged by large amounts of ions of calcium, magnesium and iron. In such cases, 4‐way valve needs to be disassembled and cleaned up. If the problem persists, replace the valve with a new one.

 

The reason for high TDS may be inaccurately flushed RO membrane. New RO membrane needs to be flushed immediately after installation. In order to thoroughly flush the membrane, fill the whole tank (12 liters/3.2 gallons), then empty the tank completely. Repeat it at least once.

 

WARNING! Do not drink the first two parts of water.

 

Another reason, the membrane may be installed incorrectly inside of the membrane housing. Remove the membrane from the housing, check for damaged O‐rings: at the top and two o‐rings on the bottom. O‐rings should be re‐greased with petroleum jelly and installed again inside the housing.

 

Water pressure is too low: Reverse Osmosis systems can work properly with pressure above 2.8 bar (40.6 psi). When the water pressure in a system is below 2.8 bar (40.6 psi) install booster pressure pump AFXPOMP or AFXPOMP‐4.

 

Water pressure is too high: If water system pressure is above 6 bar, pressure regulator must be installed. High inlet water pressure can damage the working components of RO system.

 

Manufacturer and distributor do not assume any liability for damage caused by water pressure surges in plumbing installations or higher nominal pressure (over 6 bar or 87 psi).

 

Pressure regulators ADV‐REG_K, ADV‐REG‐CR_K, PLV‐0104‐50_K or PLV‐0104‐80_K can be purchased separately.

 

Shorter life‐span of RO membrane can be affected by many factors:

 

Unsuitable parameters of inlet water (high concentration of calcium, magnesium and iron). These basic parameters must be met by inlet water for RO systems ‐ refer to "Required water parameters for RO systems" section.

 

Sediments and iron compounds clog microscopic pores of RO membrane what leads to membrane damage and shortening its life.

 


 

Another reason for premature failure of RO membrane may be timeous maintenance of equipment. Pre‐filter cartridges should be replaced at least 3‐6 months. Failure to conduct these measures will result in membrane damage.

 

Finally, inaccurate flushing procedure of carbon cartridge may result in carbon particles clogging RO membranes film.

 

Osmotic membrane: sediment scaling and iron compounds clog microscopic pores of the membrane which in turn leads to damage of the membrane and shortening its service life.

 


 

Four‐way valve: controls the flow and water intake for the water storage tank (pressure equalization). The valve will automatically shut off water supply to the diaphragm (the device does not receive water). Sediment scaling and iron compounds may contribute to improper functioning of the valve. Overloaded valve may not complete be closed resulting in a continuous flow of water to the drain and consequently attribute higher water bills. Four way valve should undergo a cleaning process at least every six months.

 

 

Flow restrictor: reduces water consumption in RO Systems by producing adequate working pressure inside the membrane. Poorly connected or blocked, may cause damage to the osmotic membrane. Flow restrictor must be replaced from time to time, but not less frequently than every 18 months.