Water Softening: General Questions


Water Softening

1) Installation of the system should be made by a specialized hydraulic service. The manufacturer is not liable for damages resulting from improper installation or use of the system.

2) The installation of the device and all connections should be carried out in accordance with applicable standards and regulations.

3) Connect the softener to the main water supply pipe from the water heater. TO softeners DO NOT WARM WATER.

4) Equipment shall not be installed closer than 3 meters from the water outlet of the device and the water supply to water heater, they can move backward heat pipe cold water control valve (head). Hot water can severely damage the device.

5) The temperature of the water flowing through the device cannot exceed 40 ° C.

6) The device must be installed in a place where the temperature is above 4 º C and which is not exposed to the elements. WARNING! Temperature below freezing could destroy or damage the device

. 7) Do not install near sources of acid fumes.

8) It should not be exposed to petroleum compounds.

9) For sealing threads should not be used tow, paint or other sealants of this type. Should be used to seal only Teflon tape.

10) Do not expose the softener to a strong source of heat, sunlight, frost and moisture.

11) Strait of feed water must be within the limits described in the instructions for installation of the system.

12) It is forbidden to placing the device in supine position during transport, installation or use. Failure to follow instructions may damage the system or its components.

13) The device must be handled very carefully. Do not rotate upside down, do not drag on the floor, do not put on surfaces with sharp edges.

14) In order to connect the device to be applied to the current supplied with the unit transformer. To protect against humidity, the transformer and the power socket must be located inside the room. The transformer must be connected only to a socket inside the room with a voltage of 230V / 50Hz.

15) Softener must be continuously connected to a power source (except for maintenance).

16) When any preservative operations, disconnect the power supply plasticizer.

17) In the event of a failure of the transformer, you should immediately disconnect the unit from the main power source, then disconnect the faulty transformer. Before you reboot, the transformer should be replaced with a new one.

18) hole to supplement the level of salt should always be closed - it can be opened only when servicing or during refueling and the level of salt.

19) For welded installations, connecting calls (bonding) should be made a way of fabric softener. Failure to do so may result in a product defect.

20) Use only Aquafilter ® brand salt tablet.

21) After installation of the device at least once a month to monitor water quality, to make sure the device is working properly.

22) Use only original replacement parts Aquafilter ®. If you use a different brand components manufacturer is not liable for incorrect operation of the system and for any damages associated with it.

23) Do not be applied to microbiologically contaminated water and of unknown origin.

Use of treated water by water softener provides many benefits. Mainly it helps maintain healthier, shiny hair and eliminates clogging skin pores by soap deposits without drying it.

In addition the use of soft water in the household prevents scale buildup on walls of bath fixtures and their components. It also prevents the formation of stains and mineral deposits which bleach surfaces of bathtubs, shower cabins, sinks and ceramic tiles. Soft water also effects laundry washing processes ensuring better efficiency, fresh, cleaner and more "soft" results.

On the other hand, "hard water" weakens the colors and makes the materials become stiff and uncomfortable to the touch. Manufacturers recommend the use of soft water with household appliances for better results and protection of their appliances against harmful deposits.

Use of water softeners significantly reduces the use of detergents and washing agents. Consequently, the use of soft water increases efficiency of detergents by up to 30%. Soap foams better, glassware, cutlery and crockery can be washed without leaving a deposit and spots on them.

Sediments from hard water create hard layer inside domestic plumbing system, contributing to the corrosion of valves and other plumbing components. In addition, deposited sediments inside water boilers increase demand for energy.

The use of water softening equipment increases efficiency of water heaters up to 30%. Thus electricity bills are lower as well as maintenance costs!

The term water softening refers to a technique which involves removing ions, the source of water hardness. In most cases these are ions of calcium and magnesium. During water softening processes ions of iron can also partially be removed from the water. The best way to use a water softener device is to install it directly to a water supply pipe entering the premises - called Point-Of-Entry (POE) installation.

Water softeners are specifically designed to conduct ion exchange reaction used for exchanging of positive ions of calcium (Ca2 +) and magnesium (Mg2 +) into negative ions of sodium. Calcium and magnesium are sometimes referred to as 'hardness minerals.

After completing ion exchange operation, water softener collects the hard minerals in a tank, and next during resin regeneration process discharges them into drain.

Yes, water softening filters and specifically filter cartridges series FCCST, such as: FCCBKDF2 and FCCBKDF210BB can be used for drinking water applications.

Water softeners need to be screened once a month. To ensure their performance at the highest level, salt level should be maintained at all times in a half-filled state.

Before salt will begin to work it requires time to dissolve in the reservoir (about 6 hours). When recovery process is started immediately after the addition of salt, water softener may not work correctly. When the water softening does not take place, it may also mean that the breakdown of the device or salt used is inadequate.

When the resin is mixed with loose grains of salt or larger tables, this may create small crystals of salt formed by process of evaporation, like table salt. These crystals may combine to form a thick mass in a brine tank. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as "clumping", could interrupt the production process inside of the brine tank.

This phenomenon occurs in cases when water softening unit is installed in a place with high humidity (80%). Another reason may be the use of salt with incorrect parameters. "Clumping" is formed above surface of water, which in turn leads to water having no contact with salt, which in turn cannot be dissolved and Brine solution cannot be produced. Production of the Brine solution is the most important element in the resin regeneration process which is responsible for effectiveness of water softening. Without the production of Brine solution, water softener cannot produce soft water.

If the brine tank is filled with water it is difficult to state clearly whether "clumping" occurred. On the surface a layer of undissolved salt may be visible, but there may "clumping" occurring deeper in the brine tank.

You will need to use the short stick (about 50 cm long). Open the lid and gently insert the stick into the tank until the very end, so that it touches the bottom of the tank. If you feel strong resistance before the stick touches the bottom it means that "clumping" has occurred. Push the stick into the tank several times to crush the salt deposits.

ATTENTION! During crushing do not hit the outer walls and bottom of the tank. This may damage the unit.

If the "clumping" took place in the event of improper use of salt, remove all the salt and rinse the brine tank thoroughly with water. Next add high quality salt to the tank required by the manufacturer.

Brine changes osmotic pressure, this can cause changes in water absorption processes of plants. Therefore, avoid direct discharge of sodium or potassium salt into a garden or back yard.

When water does not become soft enough, you must first take into account the type of salt used, or a mechanical failure of water softening components. When these elements are not the cause of poor performance of the device, the water softening resin may require replacement or, in extreme case, a complete water softener unit should be replaced.

There are several indicators that help to find out if your water is soft enough, here is the list:

- Sediment on the heating elements of household appliances (kettle); - A white sludge after making the tea; - Dry skin, rough hair after bathing; - Rusty stains on the bottom of the sink or tub; - Increased consumption of detergents and less foaming soap; - After washing clothing is very stiff and uncomfortable to the touch; - Use of Aquafilter FXT water quality tester to determine the level of water hardness

Aquafilter FXT water quality testers can be used for illustration purposes only and are not meant for professional research. In order to make professional analysis, please refer to your closest Sanitary-Epidemiological Laboratory or have appropriately accredited laboratory test our water. Test results from Aquafilter FXT testers cannot be used as basis for professional product selection ofer new water filtration and softening systems.

Before installing water softener water should be tested and meet the following conditions:

  
Sediment content
  

excessive cloudiness caused by sediment layer can weaken the performance of the water softening resin. In such case consider pre-filtration solution

  
Total hardness contents
  

softeners are subject to certain restrictions as to the level of "hardness." Make sure that the unit being installed is appropriately matched with the right water hardness solution

  
Iron content
  

if iron concentration exceeds 0.5 mg / l, before installing water softener, water must be appropriately treated by iron removing solution

  
Chlorine content
  

if concentration of chlorine is equal to or higher than 0.7 mg / l, install high-efficiency filter Big Blue with carbon filter before installing a water softener

  
Total dissolved solids (TDS)
  

water with a high level (above 2000 ppm (mg / l)) of TDS may reduce efficiency of water softener by interfering with ion-exchange processes. To compensate with these limitations higher levels of regeneration will be required

Parameters of raw water can be verified in two ways:

1. by use of disposable tests for water FXT-AQ that can be purchased from Aquafilter. WARNING! Disposable tests by Aquafilter Company should be used only for initial identification of the problem of water. Based on the tests results appropriate filter units and water treatment can be selected.

2. by professional analysis conducted by accredited laboratory.

The latest research shows that the water filtered through the water softeners can be safely consumed.

In areas where water is very "hard" water should not be used for food preparation for children and infants, due to high concentrations of potassium and sodium ions which results from conversion of calcium and magnesium ions (during softening. when sodium's concentration exceeds 200 mg/l it may cause diseases and harm development of neonates consuming foods prepared from such filtered water.

YES! To ensure proper installation you must meet the following conditions:

1) The water pressure - between 2 and 6 bar (unless the technical information in the Installation Manual says otherwise). System pressure below the minimum will cause a weaker performance and the need for frequent regeneration. For systems supplied with water from their own well it is possible to increase the pressure to a minimum value. If water pressure exceeds the maximum value pressure reducing device should be used. Pressure exceeding the maximum may cause: excessive noise during operation and damages to the system.

2) Power Source - 230V/50Hz electric outlet (without extension cord). If you need to use an extension cord it should meet the same requirements as the power source.

3) Temperature - The system should be installed in areas not exposed to large fluctuations in temperature. It must be protected from freezing and it must not be installed in outdoor locations or too close to heat sources (stoves, hot water pipes) which can damage the device. Softener should be installed only in areas where the temperature exceeds 4C.

4) Place the softener as close as possible to the water pomp and drainage (water softener must be installed after water pomp).

5) Softener should be placed on a flat surface, straight and stable.

6) Hot water can damage components of water softening system such as: control valve and ion exchange resin. In case of unit installation in close proximity to a boiler and water heater, it is recommended to use control valve such as: check valves.

7) The installation site should have enough space to accommodate pipes supplying water to the control valve, drain pipes and to by-pass valve, as well as, to ensure sufficient space for easy access to components during maintenance and possible repairs.

8) The location of system components should also allow easy access to the brine tank for filling procedure. It should provide enough space over the tank to allow to open the lid of the tank and maneuvers heavy bags of salt.

9) The brine tank should rest on a smooth flat surface. If surface like that is not available, you should create it using a thick piece of plywood or other material. WARNING! Make sure that the prepared surface is even and stable.

10) Already positioned water softening unit should not be moved. In order to transfer the unit, always disconnect it from its connections, then move it to a new location (move the unit without water in the tank).

The system must be equipped with a drainage capacity to allow the maximum amount of water discharged during the regeneration period at its nominal performance. The outlet should be near the device but not more than 5 meters from it. If the device is in a place where the outlet must be raised, the line can be increased maximum by 1 meter in length, if the installation does not exceed 4.60 m and water pressure in the system is not lower than 2.8 bar.

The drain hose should be mounted to the device in such a way that at the time of discharge it will remain stable in its position. The drain hose cannot be bent, twisted, or torn.

NOTE: Drain hose should never be put into the drainage grates, sewer or drain pipe. You should always maintain an air gap (4 - 10 cm) between the drain hose and sewage outlet to prevent clogging and fluid back up into the device.

Brine tank usually does not require cleaning unless it contains large amounts of salt (insoluble in water) or due to the system breakdown. However, if the resin deposited insoluble substances, the tank must be cleaned periodically to prevent the failure of the device.

Water which contains viruses can cause many diseases. Here is list of viruses that has been confirmed to be present in the water: - IH virus - hepatitis Icterus, - IS the virus - serum hepatitis, causing jaundice infectious - Viruses causing inflammation of the meninges, - Polio virus from the group, causing polio.

  
PROBLEM
  
  
INDICATOR
  
  
SOLUTION
  

Water remains "hard" after water softening

Automatic regeneration is not working (for systems equipped with an automatic head.)

Make sure that the system is connected to a power source

Low concentration of salt in brine tank.

Keep your tank filled with salt tablets

Obstruction inside brine tank.

Obstruction inside brine tank.

By-pass is open

Close the by-pass valve

Contaminated injector

Clean or replace injector

Low quality of soft water

The poor quality of softened water

Check the parameters of tap water then select the proper pre-filtration configuration.

Incorrect setting parameters on water softner (for systems equipped with automatic head)

Shorten the time between regenerations deposits / perform a manual regeneration

The water pressure is too high or too low

Install a water pressure stabilizing valve

Too low salt

Fill the tank with salt

Softened water has a salty taste

Incorrect system settings

Extend the duration of the flushing system / perform manual flushing

Impurities in the brine valve

Clean the brine valve.

The water pressure is too low

Install water pressure booster pump.

Incorrect time of regeneration process

No power supply caused the incorrect time setting on the clock (for systems equipped with

automatic heads - time based).

2) Lack of power supply caused the reset cycle of regeneration (for systems equipped with automatic heads - volume based).

Lack of regeneration process

No power (for systems equipped with automatic head).

First, check for damages: electric connection cable, transformer, contact fuses. If necessary, the regeneration process should be carried out manually.

Improperly set hours (for systems equipped with automatic head).

Set the correct time settings.

System controller stopped working

The transformer is not connected.

Plug in the transformer into electric outlet.

Power cable has been damaged

Replace the cable

No electric current.

Wait for the return of power

Damage to the transformer

Replace transformer

System problem with salt collection

The water pressure is too low.

Install pressure regulator.

Obstruction in system's salt circulation.

Clean the brine collection system

Injector is clogged

Clean or replace injector.